Garden Scheme

Plant library  ·  Shade Trees

American Linden

Tilia americana

American linden is a large native shade tree that brings a broad green canopy to long-lived landscape spaces. At maturity, it reaches about 60 feet tall and 40 feet wide, so it reads as a major structural tree rather than a bed-scale accent. Large heart-shaped leaves create substantial summer presence, while fragrant flowers arrive from early to midsummer and draw pollinators.

  • Pollinator friendly
  • Native to North America
Sunlight Full Sun
Water Moderate
USDA zones 2–8
Spacing 35 ft
Mature size 60 ft tall, 40 ft wide
Bloom Early to mid-summer

Placement and use

Give this tree an open lawn panel, the outer edge of a large property, or a generous shade zone beyond smaller planting beds. Set it where its developing canopy can shade a sitting area or broad path without closing in circulation beneath it. Keep the trunk well away from buildings, overhead lines, and narrow side yards; the mature crown needs room on all sides rather than a slot between structures. It is better suited to spacious residential landscapes, parks, and large gardens than constrained urban sites.[1][2]

Spacing and mature footprint

Plant American lindens 35 feet apart, center to center, when repeating them in a row or grove. That spacing allows their roughly 40-foot mature crowns to approach one another while retaining distinct trunks and usable passage between young trees. For a single specimen, reserve a canopy zone at least as wide as its expected spread, plus clear working space around the base for mowing, mulching, and access. Avoid placing permanent beds directly in the tree’s future canopy footprint if they need dependable full sun.

Three plants set 35 ft apart, center to center; shaded circles show the 40 ft mature spread.

Sun, water, and soil

Place it in full sun and plan for moderate water, especially while the root system is becoming established. A well-drained site with evenly available moisture supports its best long-term placement. Clay and dry, rocky ground can be workable, but a roomy site with fertile, moist, well-drained soil gives this large tree a more forgiving start.[1][2]

Seasonal notes

The canopy is deciduous, so its shade is concentrated from leaf-out through fall and the space beneath becomes brighter in winter. Fragrant pale-yellow flower clusters appear from early to midsummer, making this a useful tree to position near outdoor areas where seasonal bloom can be noticed. Allow for a summer period of active pollinator traffic around the flowering crown rather than placing it immediately beside a tightly managed entry or patio door.[1][2]

Planning caveats

Reserve American linden for sites that can accommodate a mature shade tree over decades. It can be sensitive to air pollution, compacted ground, poor soil, and harsh urban conditions, so a confined streetside strip or heavily paved setting is a less reliable fit. In hot, dry periods, spider mites may cause significant damage; avoid designing the tree into an exposed, heat-reflecting pocket where drought stress is likely to be chronic.[1][2]

Growing facts

Botanical name
Tilia americana
Type
Shade Tree
Category
Shade Trees
Lifecycle
perennial
USDA hardiness zones
2–8
Sunlight
Full Sun
Water
Moderate
Plant spacing
35 ft
Mature size
60 ft tall, 40 ft wide
Bloom season
Early to mid-summer
Pollinator friendly
Yes
Deer resistant
No
Native to North America
Yes

References

  1. American Linden - Tilia americana — North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
  2. Tilia americana - Plant Finder — Missouri Botanical Garden

Editorial content updated 2026-07-20.