Garden Scheme

Plant library  ·  Herbs

Borage

Borago officinalis

Borage is a fast-growing annual herb that reaches about 2½ feet tall and 2 feet wide. Its blue flowers carry the planting from late spring into early fall, while the foliage and flowering stems create a loose, full presence rather than a tidy edging line. Use it where that seasonal volume can be useful: in an herb bed, along the productive edge of a vegetable plot, or in a mixed planting that has room to soften.

  • Pollinator friendly
  • Deer resistant
Sunlight Full Sun
Water Moderate
USDA zones 3–10
Spacing 1.5 ft
Mature size 2.5 ft tall, 2 ft wide
Bloom Late spring - early fall

Placement and use

Give borage a sunny position toward the middle or back of a bed, behind low herbs and in front of crops or structures that will not be crowded by its broad summer growth. Keep it close enough to a path for regular harvesting, but avoid placing it at a narrow bed entrance where its foliage can reduce circulation. It can share a productive bed with tomatoes, squash, strawberries, cucumbers, beans, or cabbage; reserve its own clear pocket rather than threading it tightly between smaller plants.

Spacing and mature footprint

Set plants 18 inches apart, center to center, then plan for each plant to occupy roughly 2 feet of bed width as it matures. That close spacing can read as a continuous, informal patch, so leave a reachable edge or path on at least one side instead of surrounding the planting with other crops. In a narrow border, use a single row rather than a double row to preserve access and prevent the bed from becoming visually heavy.

Three plants set 1.5 ft apart, center to center; shaded circles show the 2 ft mature spread.

Sun, water, and soil

Place borage in full sun and keep moisture moderate through the growing season. A site with drainage is important; avoid low pockets that remain wet after rain or irrigation. It can work in an in-ground herb or vegetable bed and is also suitable for a large container, provided the container has enough footprint to balance its broad, top-heavy summer growth.[1][2]

Seasonal notes

Expect the main flowering and harvest window from late spring through early fall, beginning around 50 days from planting. Treat its footprint as a warm-season occupancy in the plan: it fills out quickly, stays present through summer, and can shade smaller neighbors if it is placed on the wrong side of the bed. Leave room to remove spent plants or rework the space when the annual season ends.

Planning caveats

Borage readily self-seeds, so avoid placing it where volunteer seedlings would be difficult to identify, remove, or accommodate the following year. A defined bed edge, mulch-free sowing strip, or nearby path makes new seedlings easier to spot. If you want tighter control of the layout, remove flowering stems before seed drops and replant only where a new clump is wanted.[1][2]

Growing facts

Botanical name
Borago officinalis
Type
Herb
Category
Herbs
Lifecycle
annual
USDA hardiness zones
3–10
Sunlight
Full Sun
Water
Moderate
Plant spacing
1.5 ft
Mature size
2.5 ft tall, 2 ft wide
Days to maturity
50
Bloom season
Late spring - early fall
Harvest season
Late spring - early fall
Pollinator friendly
Yes
Deer resistant
Yes
Native to North America
No

References

  1. Cover Crop - Borago officinalis — North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
  2. How to grow borage — Royal Horticultural Society

Editorial content updated 2026-07-20.