Garden Scheme

Plant library  ·  Succulents & Cacti

Elephant Bush

Portulacaria afra

Elephant bush is a woody-looking succulent that can become a substantial vertical accent, reaching about 10 feet tall and 6 feet wide. Its small leaves and reddish stems give it a fine-textured presence despite that mature scale. Use it where an evergreen, drought-conscious shrub form will not crowd paths, windows, or lower planting layers. It can also be kept as a bonsai or grown in a bright indoor position.

  • Deer resistant
Sunlight Full Sun
Water Low
USDA zones 10–11
Spacing 4 ft
Mature size 10 ft tall, 6 ft wide

Placement and use

Place elephant bush at the back of a sunny dry bed, beside a warm wall with open air around it, or as a single focal shrub in a xeriscape-style composition. Keep its eventual height in mind near doors, patios, and sightlines; it is better as a background or corner plant than as a low front-edge filler. In a pot, use it as a long-term structural specimen rather than a temporary seasonal accent, allowing room to turn and tend the container.

Spacing and mature footprint

Set plants 4 feet apart, center to center, for a connected planting that still leaves working room while they establish. A mature plant can spread about 6 feet across, so avoid placing it tight against a path or structure if you want its full outline to develop. In a mixed bed, reserve the outer 3 feet from its center for its canopy and place shorter plants beyond that zone rather than directly beneath it.

Three plants set 4 ft apart, center to center; shaded circles show the 6 ft mature spread.

Sun, water, and soil

Use full sun for the strongest placement match, with sharply drained soil or a fast-draining succulent potting mix. Avoid low pockets that hold water after rain and leave clear air space around the plant rather than enclosing it among dense, irrigated planting. In containers, make drainage a design requirement: use a pot with drainage holes and keep saucers from holding standing water.[1][2]

Seasonal notes

For container-grown plants, plan a drier rest period outside the active growing season. Water more thoroughly from mid-spring into mid-autumn, allowing the growing medium to drain freely, then keep it nearly dry at other times. This rhythm makes a covered porch, bright room, greenhouse, or other sheltered winter position more practical than a location exposed to persistent cold or wet weather.[1]

Planning caveats

Elephant bush is a perennial for USDA Zones 10 through 11, so it needs a protected container strategy where winter freezes are expected. Its 10-foot potential also means a small starter plant should not be assigned a narrow strip between a walkway and wall. Give it one open side for pruning access and avoid relying on it as a low, permanently compact border.

Growing facts

Botanical name
Portulacaria afra
Type
Succulent
Category
Succulents & Cacti
Lifecycle
perennial
USDA hardiness zones
10–11
Sunlight
Full Sun
Water
Low
Plant spacing
4 ft
Mature size
10 ft tall, 6 ft wide
Pollinator friendly
No
Deer resistant
Yes
Native to North America
No

References

  1. Portulacaria afra | elephant bush — Royal Horticultural Society
  2. ENH854: Landscape Plants for South Florida — UF/IFAS Extension

Editorial content updated 2026-07-20.