Plant library · Perennial Flowers
Pulmonaria officinalis
Lungwort is a low perennial groundcover with spotted foliage and flowers that open pink and mature through blue tones in early to mid-spring. At about 1 foot tall, it brings detail to the front of a shaded planting without blocking views into the bed. Its 1½-foot spread gives it enough presence to read as a repeating patch rather than a tiny accent.
Use lungwort along the front edge of a full-shade border, beneath the canopy of established trees, or beside a shaded path where its foliage can be seen at close range. Group several plants to make a continuous low layer, keeping the planting behind the path edge so leaves do not spill into circulation. It also suits small shady spaces where a short, spreading perennial is needed to connect taller background plants with the ground plane.[1][2]
Space plants 1½ feet apart, center to center, to match their mature width and let individual clumps meet without immediate crowding. In a narrow bed, allow at least 9 inches between the planting line and a path or edging so the foliage has room to soften the edge. For a fuller groundcover effect, repeat the same spacing in staggered rows rather than forcing plants into a single tight line.
Reserve lungwort for full shade and keep moisture regular through the growing season. A humus-rich, moist but well-drained bed supports the cleanest foliage; avoid sites that alternately dry hard or remain waterlogged. This makes it a better fit for sheltered shade beds than for exposed, thirsty areas near paving or walls.[1][2][3]
Early- to mid-spring flowers give this planting its strongest seasonal moment, while the spotted leaves continue to hold the ground afterward. Place it where the spring display is visible from a frequently used route, then let taller summer shade perennials take more of the vertical role behind it. Removing old foliage after flowering can keep the clump looking orderly.[2][3]
Do not use lungwort as a filler for dry shade or a poorly drained low spot. Hot, dry conditions and excess sun can damage the leaves, while persistently wet soil can lead to root problems. Leave enough room around each clump for air movement and for checking foliage, especially where slugs or powdery mildew have been troublesome in the garden.[1][2][3]
Editorial content updated 2026-07-20.